SUMMARY Universal adhesives and their versatility with adhesive techniques generate a controversy between the use and non-use of etching acid before the application of the universal adhesive. Objective: To find the optimal acid etching time prior to the application of Clearfil Universal Bond on bovine tooth dentin, by analyzing the values of resistance to microtraction. Material and methods: Experimental, prospective and comparative study. 6 bovine upper central incisors were used, from which 80 specimens were obtained and divided into 4 groups of 20 specimens each. After complying with the parameters of each group, the specimens were subjected to the microtraction test. Results: The group of acid etching for 10 seconds showed a higher resistance to microtraction with a minimum resistance of 10.43 MPa and a maximum resistance of 31.45 MPa, showing an average resistance of microtraction of 20.78±6.36 MPa. Conclusion: The adhesive resistance to microtraction in bovine dentin under the etching and rinsing mode for 10 seconds prior to the Clearfil Universal Bond universal adhesive system was higher compared to the group treated only with the universal adhesive system, in addition to proving that a reduced exposure time of phosphoric acid in dentin is ideal to avoid deterioration of the dentin surface, considering its morphology.

RESUMEN Los adhesivos universales y su versatilidad con las técnicas adhesivas desatan una controversia entre el uso y no uso de ácido grabador antes de la aplicación del adhesivo universal. Objetivo: Encontrar el tiempo óptimo de grabado ácido previo a la aplicación del Clearfil Universal Bond sobre la dentina de diente de bovino, mediante el análisis de los valores de resistencia a la microtracción. Material y métodos : Estudio experimental, prospectivo y comparativo. Se utilizaron 6 incisivos centrales superiores de bovino, de los que se obtuvieron 80 especímenes separados en 4 grupos de 20 especímenes cada uno. Luego de cumplir con los parámetros de cada grupo, se sometió a los especímenes a la prueba de microtracción. Resultados : El grupo de grabado ácido previo por 10 segundos mostró una mayor resistencia a la microtracción con una resistencia mínima de 10,43 MPa y una resistencia máxima de 31,45 MPa, mostrando una resistencia media de microtracción de 20,78±6,36 MPa. Conclusiones : La resistencia adhesiva a la microtracción en dentina de bovino bajo el modo grabado y enjuague por 10 segundos previo al sistema adhesivo universal Clearfil Universal Bond fue mayor en comparación al grupo tratado solo con el sistema adhesivo universal, además de probar que la exposición por un tiempo reducido de ácido fosfórico en dentina es idóneo para evitar el deterioro de la superficie dentinaria, considerando su morfología.

This paper evaluates the status of poverty in Quintana Roo, Mexico for the period 2010-2016. The research question that supports this paper is whether the decrease in extreme poverty and poverty that the federal government of president Enrique Peña Nieto asserted as real is actually an improvement in living and income conditions, or if said decrease takes place at based solely on the criteria with which poverty is defined and measured. To this end, cabinet work was carried out in two parts: The first was a review and analysis of the Guidelines and Criteria for the Definition, Identification and Measurement of Poverty that appear in the Official Gazette of the Federation; and the second in the analysis of the data on deprivation and income that the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (CONEVAL) and the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) offer for 2010-2015 and 2010, 2012 , 2014 and 2016, respectively. Among the most important results, it can be mentioned that, in effect, the average shortfalls of the household in Quintana Roo decreased, however, the income in 2016 remained in conditions similar to those of 2010, that is, the reduction of extreme poverty can be attribute only to state intervention through the creation of infrastructure and not the effectiveness of its economic policies.

Este trabajo evalúa la cuestión de la pobreza en Quintana Roo, México para el periodo 2010-2016. Se cuestiona si la disminución de la pobreza que el gobierno federal del presidente Enrique Peña Nieto aseveró como verídica es en realidad una mejora en las condiciones de vida y de ingreso, o si dicha disminución tiene lugar a partir únicamente de los criterios con los que se operacionaliza la pobreza. Para ello se hizo trabajo documental en dos partes: Primero una revisión y análisis de los Lineamientos y Criterios para la Definición, Identificación y Medición de la Pobreza que aparecen en el Diario Oficial de la Federación; y segundo, análisis de los datos sobre carencias e ingresos que el Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL) y el Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática (INEGI) ofrecen para 2010-2015 y 2010, 2012, 2014 y 2016, respectivamente. Entre los resultados más importantes, se pueden mencionar que en efecto, las carencias promedio de los hogares en Quintana Roo disminuyeron, sin embargo, los ingresos en 2016 permanecieron en condiciones similares a los de 2010, es decir, la disminución de la pobreza extrema se puede atribuir solo a la intervención del Estado a través de la creación de infraestructura y no de la efectividad de sus políticas económicas.

Aims: To determine the frequency of viral pathogens causing upper respiratory tract infections in non-hospitalized, symptomatic adults in the city of Rio de Janeiro.Methods:Respiratory samples (nasal/throat swabs) were collected between August 2010 and November 2012 and real time PCR was used to detect different viral pathogens.Results:Viruses were detected in 32.1% (43/134) of samples from 101 patients. Specifically, 9% (12/134) were positive for HBoV, 8.2% (11/134) were positive for HAdV, 5.2% (7/134) were positive for HRV, and 1.5% (2/134) were positive for FLUBV or HMPV, as single infections. HRSV-A, HPIV-3, and HCoV-HKU1 were detected in one (0.75%) sample each. Co-infections were detected in 4.8% (6/134) of the samples. Peaks of viral infections were observed in March, April, May, August, and October. However, positive samples were detected all year round. Only 23.3% (10/43) of the positive samples were collected from patients with febrile illness.Conclusion:Results presented in this report suggest that respiratory viral infections are largely under diagnosed in immunocompetent adults. Although the majority of young adult infections are not life-threatening they may impose a significant burden, especially in developing countries since these individuals represent a large fraction of the working force.

A ordem, como categoria filosófica, provem da filosofia grega e é um dos princípios da organização da informação. Analisamos a natureza da ordem, de sua origem e de sua presença nos sistemas da classificação da ciência da informação. Nós concluímos que esta ordem é introduzida pelo bibliotecário, mas sem consequências subjetivistas ou relativistas. O "documentário cosmo" construído tem bases ontológicas objetivas procedentes do "ser informativo" do sujeito, por isso tem regularidades e características que podem ser estudadas objetivamente.

Order, as a philosophical category, comes from the Greek philosophy and is one of the principles of information organization. The nature of order as well as of its origin and its presence within the classification systems of Information Science is analyzed. We conclude that this order is introduced by librarians without, however, subjective or relativistic consequences. The constructed "documentary cosmos" has objective ontological basis from the "informational being" of the subject; thus, it has regularities and characteristics that can be objectively studied.

El orden, como categoría filosófica parte de la cosmovisión griega y es uno de los principios de la organización de la información. Se analiza la naturaleza del orden, su origen y su presencia en los sistemas de clasificación bibliotecológicos. Se concluye que ese orden es introducido por el bibliotecólogo, pero sin tener consecuencias subjetivistas-relativistas, el "cosmos documental" construido tiene fundamentos ontológicos objetivos emanados del "ser informacional" del sujeto, por lo que posee regularidades y características que pueden ser estudiadas objetivamente.